Endotoxin Overview

Endotoxin is the outer component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and its main component is lipopolysaccharide, which is composed of D-specific side chains, core polysaccharide and lipid A.

Figure 1 Endotoxin 

A large amount of endotoxin entering the blood can cause a strong fever reaction, which can lead to septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiple organ dysfunction in severe cases. Generally, 1ng/kg of endotoxin is enough to cause a fever reaction in healthy adults. 

Therefore, strict control of endotoxin levels is required in the production process of drugs such as injections, genetic engineering and biological preparations.

Activated Carbon Filter Overview

Activated carbon is a porous material with strong adsorption capacity, which is made from charcoal, high-quality coal and various fruit shells through a series of processes such as crushing, screening, catalyst activation, rinsing, drying and screening by physical and chemical methods. It is mainly used for decolorization of solutions and adsorption of impurities and small molecular heavy metals in solutions in the pharmaceutical process. It is a commonly used method for removing pyrogen substances in pharmaceutical processes.

Cobetter Claricap CSD & Roheap CSD Activated Carbon Filter Series

The filter material is composed of activated carbon powder, cellulose and synthetic resin. High-purity wood cellulose is compounded with activated carbon powder through a special process. The cellulose inside is interwoven to form a tight three-dimensional space structure. As the depth increases, the pore size gradually decreases to form a gradually tight structure.

Therefore, the Claricap CSD & Roheap CSD activated carbon series filter materials have a higher dirt holding capacity than ordinary depth filter. Because they are compounded with high specific surface area activated carbon and special synthetic resin, the filter plate is positively charged, further improving the adsorption capacity. By tightly compounding activated carbon and cellulose, and setting protective high-efficiency filter paper under the activated carbon depth filter, the possibility of leakage of activated carbon particles can be effectively reduced. This not only eliminates the disadvantages of traditional processes (dust pollution during use, and the need to remove activated carbon and activated carbon particle residues after adsorption treatment), but also greatly simplifies the process flow. Only one step of filtration is required to achieve good decolorization and deodorization effects.

Figure 2 Composition of Activated Carbon Filters

Roheap CSD Activated Carbon Filter Particle Shedding Data

Comparison of Endotoxin Removal Capabilities of Cobetter Activated Carbon Depth Filters and Competitor

Table 1 Comparison of Cobetter Activated Carbon Depth Filters and Competitor in Area of Removal Capabilities for Common Situation

Table 2 Comparison of Cobetter Activated Carbon Depth Filters and Competitor in Area of Removal Capabilities (Ethanol System)

From the data in the above table, Cobetter Activated Carbon Depth Filter shows good endotoxin removal effect in different solvents, and can reduce endotoxin levels by up to 4 orders of magnitude within a certain range.

Case Study

Table 3 Case 1 Hyaluronic Acid Solution

Table 4 Case 2 Compound Amino Acid Solution

Note: High viscosity materials and high concentration of endotoxin materials need to be considered separately in the application of endotoxin removal.

From the data in the above table, it can be seen that Cobetter Roheap CSD Activated Carbon Depth Filter AC01/AC02 has good endotoxin removal effect. Endotoxin removal is affected by multiple factors such as carbon source, activation method, liquid viscosity, endotoxin content and type of activated carbon filter.
And from Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that AC01 product has significantly better endotoxin removal effect than competitors under the conditions of 1*PBS, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and 65% ethanol concentration.